Trigeminal Neuralgia Surgery | Neurosurgery | Apex Hospitals, Jaipur

What is trigeminal neuralgia?

Trigeminal neuralgia, also known as tic douloureux, is a rare neurological disorder characterized by sudden, intense, and brief episodes of stabbing pain in the face. This pain typically affects one or more branches of the trigeminal nerve. The condition is most commonly caused by an artery or vein compression of the trigeminal nerve, though sometimes no clear cause is found. It can be mistakenly diagnosed as a dental issue, a jaw problem, or even a psychological disorder. Upon accurate diagnosis, various medical and surgical treatments are available to alleviate the severe pain associated with this condition. Patients with trigeminal neuralgia are prioritized for evaluation to ensure timely treatment.

Surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia

Surgical treatment for trigeminal neuralgia is considered when medications are ineffective or cause intolerable side effects. There are several surgical options available, each with its approach and potential benefits:

1. Microvascular Decompression (MVD)

Microvascular decompression (MVD) is a surgical procedure designed to alleviate the pain associated with trigeminal neuralgia without intentionally damaging the trigeminal nerve.

The operation addresses the issue of blood vessels pressing against or encircling the trigeminal nerve, which is thought to cause the pain.

MVD is a significant surgery that requires opening the skull and is performed under general anesthesia by a neurosurgeon. During the procedure, the surgeon will remove a small section of skull bone to relieve the pressure on the nerve.

Many patients find that MVD is effective in significantly reducing or even completely stopping the pain of trigeminal neuralgia.

2. Stereotactic Radiosurgery:

Stereotactic radiosurgery is a non-invasive treatment for trigeminal neuralgia that does not require general anaesthesia or any incisions.

During the procedure, a frame or mask is securely attached to your head to keep it steady. Focused radiation beams are then directed at the nerve to treat the pain.

It may take weeks or even months to see noticeable results after the treatment. However, for some people, stereotactic radiosurgery can provide relief from pain for several months or even years.

3. Percutaneous Rhizotomy:

This technique involves inserting a needle through the cheek and into the trigeminal nerve root. Various methods, such as balloon compression, chemical injection, or radiofrequency thermal lesioning, damage the nerve fibers and reduce pain. This procedure can offer significant pain relief but may also result in sensory loss in the face.

4. Decompression with a Percutaneous Approach

Similar to MVD but performed through a needle inserted into the cheek, this method uses less invasive techniques to relieve pressure on the nerve.

Each of these surgical options has potential benefits and risks, and the choice of procedure depends on factors such as the patient’s overall health, the severity of symptoms, and the specific characteristics of the trigeminal neuralgia. Consulting with a neurologist or neurosurgeon can help determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Speak to our team

If you're struggling with the debilitating pain of trigeminal neuralgia and conservative treatments haven't provided sufficient relief, speak to our team about surgical options. Our experienced specialists can evaluate your condition and discuss advanced surgical interventions designed to target the root cause of your pain, offering you the potential for significant improvement and a better quality of life. Contact us today to schedule a consultation and explore the best treatment plan tailored to your needs.