Understanding Rheumatic Diseases: Types, Treatment & Prevention | Apex Hospitals

Rheumatic diseases, often called rheumatism, encompass a group of disorders that primarily affect the musculoskeletal system, including joints, muscles, and bones. These chronic conditions involve inflammation of connective tissues, often targeting the synovial membranes lining the joints, resulting in pain, swelling, stiffness, and reduced mobility. While they are common among both children and adults, rheumatic diseases can also impact vital organs such as the heart and lungs, posing serious health risks if left untreated. Affecting approximately 16 million people in India, these conditions arise when the immune system mistakenly attacks healthy cells and tissues, leading to widespread inflammation. If not properly managed, they can significantly hinder daily activities and potentially cause life-threatening complications.

Types of Rheumatic Diseases

There are over 200 identified types of rheumatic diseases, each affecting the musculoskeletal system and sometimes other body parts. Some of the most common types include:

• Osteoarthritis (OA): A degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear on cartilage, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced mobility.
• Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): An autoimmune disorder where the immune system attacks joint tissues, causing inflammation, swelling, and joint damage.
• Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus - SLE): A chronic autoimmune disease affecting joints, skin, kidneys, heart, and other organs.
• Gout: A form of arthritis caused by the buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints, resulting in sudden and severe pain, often in the big toe.
• Juvenile Arthritis: A term used for rheumatic diseases in children under 16, characterized by inflammation and joint stiffness.
• Back Pain: Chronic back pain can be associated with rheumatic conditions such as ankylosing spondylitis or other inflammatory disorders affecting the spine.

Each type requires specific diagnostic approaches and treatment plans to manage symptoms effectively and prevent further complications.

Treatment for Rheumatic Diseases

Treating rheumatic diseases aims to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed to reduce pain, swelling, and inflammation. Depending on the severity, additional medications such as corticosteroids or pain relievers may also be used to manage symptoms effectively. Physical therapy is often recommended to enhance mobility, flexibility, and muscle strength. In severe cases, surgical interventions, such as joint replacement or procedures to relieve nerve pressure caused by joint damage, may be necessary.

Prevention of Rheumatic Diseases

Preventive measures can help reduce the risk of developing rheumatic diseases or minimize their impact. It is crucial to avoid repetitive movements and manage physical strain on joints. Wearing appropriate protective gear during sports or physically demanding activities can also help prevent joint injuries.

Rheumatic diseases are prevalent, especially among adults and older individuals, and they significantly affect physical, mental, and economic well-being. Raising awareness about early recognition and timely treatment is essential in managing these conditions effectively. Apex Hospitals is dedicated to providing exceptional care for patients with rheumatic diseases, ensuring comprehensive support and treatment tailored to their needs.

Speak to our experts about rheumatic diseases.

If you’re experiencing symptoms of rheumatic diseases such as joint pain, stiffness, or swelling or have concerns about your musculoskeletal health, speak to the experts at Apex Hospitals. Our team of skilled rheumatologists is dedicated to providing personalized care, accurate diagnoses, and effective treatment plans tailored to your needs. Don’t let rheumatic diseases impact your quality of life—schedule a consultation today and take the first step toward better health.