Herniated disc surgery | Neurosurgery | Apex Hospitals

Herniated disc surgery

Between each vertebra in your spine lies a disc, which serves as a shock absorber and provides cushioning for your bones during movement. Herniated discs, or slipped discs or ruptured discs, occur when a spinal disc's soft, gel-like centre protrudes through a tear or rupture in the tough outer layer.

When a disc herniates, the inner gel-like material can press on nearby nerves, causing pain, numbness, tingling, or weakness in the area of the body served by those nerves. The symptoms can vary depending on the location and severity of the herniation.

Herniated discs commonly occur in the lower back (lumbar spine) or the neck (cervical spine), but they can also affect other parts of the spine. A herniated disc can develop from improper lifting techniques or sudden twisting of the spine. Additional factors such as being overweight or experiencing degeneration due to disease or aging can also contribute to its occurrence.

While a herniated disc may not always result in pain or discomfort, pressure on a nerve in the lower back can lead to pain in the back or legs, a condition known as sciatica. Similarly, if the herniation affects the neck area, it may cause neck, shoulder, and arm pain. In addition to pain, herniated disc symptoms may include numbness, tingling sensations, and weakness.

Who needs surgery for a herniated disc?

Surgery is not necessary for herniated discs in the majority of cases. Symptoms typically resolve within days to weeks for about 9 out of 10 individuals, and some may not experience any symptoms at all.

However, when a herniated disc compresses a nerve in the spinal column, it can lead to pain, numbness, or weakness in the corresponding body part. If conservative treatments like nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and physiotherapy fail to alleviate the pain, it's advisable to consult a doctor.

Based on the severity of the pain and disability, the doctor may recommend surgery. In rare instances where a herniated disc affects nerves controlling bladder and bowel function, surgery becomes imperative to relieve pressure and restore normal function.

For those considering surgery, seeking care at a hospital employing a multidisciplinary approach to decision-making is advisable. Such an approach ensures comprehensive evaluation and tailored treatment plans.

Different types of surgery for herniated discs

Apex Hospitals offers several surgical procedures available for treating herniated discs, depending on the severity of the condition and the specific symptoms experienced by the patient. Some standard surgical options include:

1. Discectomy: This procedure involves removing the portion of the herniated disc that is pressing on the nerve root or spinal cord. It can be performed using minimally invasive techniques, such as microdiscectomy, which involves smaller incisions and shorter recovery times.

2. Laminectomy: A laminectomy removes a portion of the lamina (the bony arch on the back of the vertebra) to relieve pressure on the spinal cord and nerve roots. This procedure is often recommended for patients with spinal stenosis, where the spinal canal becomes narrowed and compresses the nerves.

3. Spinal Fusion: Spinal fusion is a procedure that involves joining two or more vertebrae together using bone grafts or implants. It is typically performed in conjunction with a discectomy or laminectomy to stabilize the spine and prevent further herniation.

4. Artificial Disc Replacement: In this procedure, the damaged disc is removed and replaced with a metal or plastic artificial disc. Artificial disc replacement aims to preserve motion in the spine and may be considered for younger patients who want to maintain flexibility in their spine.

The choice of surgical procedure depends on various factors, including the location and severity of the herniated disc, the patient's overall health, and their preferences. It is essential to discuss these options thoroughly with our neurosurgeons to determine the most appropriate treatment plan.

Procedure Details

Before the surgery

When contemplating surgery for a herniated disc, it's crucial to seek consultation with a qualified neurosurgeon. Additionally, obtaining a second opinion can offer valuable insights into your condition and treatment options.

Before recommending a specific surgical procedure, your surgeon will likely order various imaging tests to assess your spine thoroughly. These may include:

1. X-rays, which provide detailed images of your vertebrae and joints

2. Computed tomography (CT/CAT scan) for more precise views of the spinal canal

3. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for 3-D images of the spinal cord, nerve roots, and discs.

4. Additionally, electromyography or nerve conduction studies (EMG/NCS) may be conducted to measure electrical impulses along nerves and muscles.

These tests guide your surgeon in determining the most suitable surgical approach for your condition. Factors such as the location of the herniated disc, age, and overall health also play crucial roles in the decision-making process.

Rest assured that our experienced team of neurosurgeons is here to provide you with the necessary guidance and support throughout your surgical journey.

Recovery process

Individuals who opt for early surgery to address a herniated disc may experience a swifter recovery period and enhanced long-term well-being. Following a herniated disc operation, most individuals can typically return home within 24 hours, with some even being discharged on the same day.

Physicians typically advise individuals recovering from herniated disc surgery to refrain from certain activities for approximately four weeks, including driving, prolonged sitting, heavy lifting, and bending over. Individuals must consult their doctor or surgeon before engaging in strenuous activities, although specific exercises may be beneficial post-surgery.

In some cases, healthcare providers may recommend rehabilitation therapy following surgery. Those who adhere to a structured rehabilitation program post-surgery may experience expedited recovery and improved mobility.

Speak to our experts about herniated disc surgery.

Speak to our experts today about herniated disc surgery and explore your options for relief and recovery. Our team of experienced spine surgeons is dedicated to providing personalized care and guiding you through every step of the process. Whether you're seeking information about different surgical techniques, rehabilitation options, or post-operative care, our experts address your concerns and provide comprehensive support. Don't let a herniated disc limit your quality of life. Contact us to schedule a consultation and take the first step toward a pain-free future.