Chronic Allergies: Causes, Symptom, Types & Effective Treatments | Apex Hospitals

What is a chronic allergy?

Chronic allergy is a long-term condition in which the immune system reacts abnormally to harmless substances such as pollen, dust mites, Mold, pet dander, or certain foods. Unlike acute allergic reactions, which occur suddenly and are short-lived, chronic allergies persist over time, often lasting for weeks, months, or even years, depending on the exposure to allergens.

What is an allergic reaction?

An allergic reaction occurs when your body responds to an allergen, a typically harmless substance, as though it were a threat.

When you encounter a specific allergen for the first time, your immune system reacts by producing immunoglobulin E (IgE), a type of antibody. These IgE antibodies attach themselves to mast cells, specialized cells in your skin, respiratory system, and the mucous membranes lining your gastrointestinal (GI) tract.

Once sensitized, the IgE antibodies recognize the allergen during future exposures. They bind to the allergen and activate the mast cells by attaching to specialized receptors on their surface. This activation prompts the mast cells to release histamine, a chemical that triggers allergy symptoms.

Histamine causes the common signs of an allergic reaction, such as itching, swelling, sneezing, and inflammation, as your body attempts to neutralize and expel the allergen.

What are the different types of allergies?

Allergies can manifest in various forms depending on the triggering allergen. Common types include:

1. Food Allergies: Specific foods such as nuts, shellfish, or dairy trigger reactions.

2. Hay Fever (Allergic Rhinitis): Sensitivity to pollen, dust, or pet dander, causing sneezing, runny nose, and watery eyes.

3. Asthma: A respiratory condition often worsened by allergens, leading to difficulty breathing and wheezing.

4. Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema): A chronic skin condition characterized by itchy, inflamed patches, often linked to allergens.

5. Skin Allergies: Reactions such as rashes, hives, or contact dermatitis from substances like latex or fragrances.

6. Medication Allergies: Adverse immune responses to certain drugs, like antibiotics or pain relievers.

7. Insect Bite Allergies: Severe reactions to stings or bites from insects like bees, wasps, or mosquitoes.

Treatment for allergic reactions

The most effective way to prevent allergic reactions is by avoiding the allergen that triggers them. However, if avoidance is not feasible, several treatment options can help manage allergies effectively.

Medications

Allergy management often involves over-the-counter or prescription medications available in various forms, such as nasal sprays, pills, liquids, and topical ointments. Common allergy medications include:

• Antihistamines: Examples include diphenhydramine (Benadryl), loratadine (Claritin), and cetirizine (Zyrtec), which help alleviate symptoms by blocking histamine.
• Corticosteroids: These reduce inflammation and are commonly used for severe allergic reactions.
• Decongestants: Medications like Afrin, Suphedrine PE, and Sudafed can relieve nasal congestion.
• Mast Cell Stabilizers prevent mast cells from releasing histamine, reducing allergic reactions.

Consulting our healthcare provider is essential to create an effective allergy management plan tailored to your needs.

Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy helps your body build tolerance to allergens over time by gradually introducing small doses. There are two main types:

• Injections: Administered over several years, these are effective for allergens like pollen, pet dander, insect stings, and asthma.
• Sublingual Immunotherapy (SLIT): Small allergen doses are placed under the tongue and are especially helpful for asthma and nasal allergies, such as those caused by dust mites, ragweed, and grass.

Successful immunotherapy can significantly reduce or even eliminate allergy symptoms.

Emergency Epinephrine

Carrying an emergency epinephrine autoinjector is crucial for severe, life-threatening allergies. This first-line treatment for anaphylaxis helps counteract severe reactions until medical assistance arrives. Proper allergy management ensures better control over symptoms and minimizes the risk of complications.

Speak to our experts about chronic allergies.

Are you struggling with chronic allergies? Our experienced healthcare professionals are here to help. Whether dealing with persistent symptoms or seeking effective management strategies, our experts provide personalized care to address your needs.

Don’t let allergies hold you back—reach out today to find relief and regain control of your health. Schedule a consultation with us now!