Is Type 1 Diabetes Preventable?

Currently, Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented as it is linked to genetic and autoimmune factors rather than lifestyle choices.

Can Adults Develop Type 1 Diabetes?

Yes, while it is commonly diagnosed in children and adolescents, adults can also develop Type 1 diabetes, often referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA).

What Is the Difference Between Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition where the body produces no insulin. Type 2 diabetes is often related to insulin resistance and lifestyle factors, where the body still produces insulin but can't use it effectively.

What Happens If Type 1 Diabetes Is Left Untreated?

Untreated Type 1 diabetes can lead to dangerous complications like diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), which can be life-threatening if not promptly treated.

Is Type 1 Diabetes Hereditary?

While genetics can play a role, it is not solely inherited. Environmental factors may also trigger the condition.

Type 1 diabetes

What is type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes, formerly referred to as juvenile diabetes or insulin-dependent diabetes, is a lifelong autoimmune condition in which the pancreas produces little or no insulin. Insulin is a crucial hormone that allows sugar (glucose) to enter cells, where it is used as energy.

This condition arises from various factors, including genetic predisposition and exposure to certain viruses. While type 1 diabetes typically develops during childhood or adolescence, it can also occur in adults.

In type 1 diabetes, insufficient insulin causes glucose to accumulate in the blood, leading to hyperglycaemia (high blood sugar). Without treatment, this can result in severe health complications or even be life-threatening. People with type 1 diabetes rely on daily synthetic insulin to maintain healthy blood sugar levels and sustain life.

Although previously known as juvenile diabetes, type 1 diabetes can affect individuals at any age. It requires diligent management to prevent complications and maintain overall health.

What are the causes of type 1 diabetes?

The exact cause of type 1 diabetes remains unclear. It occurs when the body's immune system, which typically defends against harmful bacteria and viruses, mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells (islet cells) in the pancreas. Potential contributing factors include:

Genetics
Viral infections and environmental triggers

How Insulin Works

Insulin is a vital hormone produced by the pancreas, a gland located behind and below the stomach. Its role involves regulating blood sugar (glucose) levels in the body through the following process:

The pancreas releases insulin into the bloodstream.
Insulin enables sugar (glucose) to enter the body’s cells, where it is used for energy.
Insulin reduces the sugar level in the bloodstream.
When blood sugar levels drop, the pancreas slows insulin production.

The Role of Glucose

Glucose, a type of sugar, serves as the primary energy source for the body's cells, including muscles and tissues. It comes from two main sources:

Food: Sugar from food is absorbed into the bloodstream and enters cells with insulin’s help.
Liver: The liver stores glucose as glycogen and releases it when blood sugar levels drop, such as during fasting, by breaking glycogen back into glucose.

What Happens in Type 1 Diabetes?

In type 1 diabetes, the body stops producing insulin, preventing glucose from entering cells. As a result, sugar builds up in the bloodstream instead of being used for energy. This can lead to dangerously high blood sugar levels, posing serious health risks and potentially life-threatening complications if not managed properly.

What are the symptoms of Type 1 diabetes?

Type 1 diabetes symptoms often begin mildly but can worsen over days, weeks, or months as the pancreas produces less insulin. It's crucial to recognize these signs early for prompt diagnosis and treatment.

Common Symptoms of Type 1 Diabetes:

Excessive thirst
Frequent urination, including bedwetting in children or full diapers in infants
Increased hunger
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Blurred vision
Slow healing of cuts and sores
Vaginal yeast infections

If you or your child experience any of these symptoms, consult a healthcare provider immediately and request a test for Type 1 diabetes. Early diagnosis can help prevent serious complications.

Emergency Symptoms of Diabetes-Related Ketoacidosis (DKA)

If left untreated, Type 1 diabetes can lead to a life-threatening condition called diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). Seek emergency care if you or your child show signs such as:

Fruity-smelling breath
Nausea and vomiting
Stomach pain
Rapid breathing
Confusion
Drowsiness
Loss of consciousness

Prompt medical attention can prevent severe complications and improve long-term health outcomes.

When to see a doctor

If you or your child experience symptoms like excessive thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, or blurred vision, it's essential to seek medical attention immediately. Early diagnosis and management can prevent serious complications such as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), a life-threatening condition.

At Apex Hospitals, our expert healthcare team offers comprehensive diabetes care, ensuring timely diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and ongoing support for better health outcomes. Don’t wait—schedule a consultation today for expert guidance and care.