Can hepatitis B be cured entirely?

No, there is no complete cure for chronic hepatitis B. However, antiviral treatments can effectively manage the virus, lower the risk of liver damage, and prevent complications.

Is hepatitis B a lifelong infection?

For some, hepatitis B can become a lifelong condition, primarily if the infection occurs during infancy or early childhood. However, many adults infected with hepatitis B clear the virus on their own within six months.

Can a person with hepatitis B live an everyday life?

Yes, with proper medical care and a healthy lifestyle, individuals with chronic hepatitis B can live long, healthy lives. Regular monitoring of liver health is essential.

Is hepatitis B the same as hepatitis A or C?

No, hepatitis A, B, and C are different viruses. Hepatitis B can become chronic, while hepatitis A is usually short-term. Hepatitis C can lead to chronic infection but has different transmission methods and treatments.

Can hepatitis B lead to liver cancer?

Yes, chronic hepatitis B increases the risk of liver cancer, especially if left untreated. Regular screenings can help detect liver issues early.

Hepatitis B

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a severe liver infection caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV). It can be either short-term (acute) or long-term (chronic). Acute hepatitis B typically lasts less than six months. In comparison, chronic hepatitis B persists beyond six months, significantly increasing the risk of liver failure, liver cancer, and severe liver scarring known as cirrhosis.

While most adults fully recover from hepatitis B, even when symptoms are severe, infants and young children are more likely to develop chronic infections. Hepatitis B is the most widespread serious liver infection globally, with approximately two billion people infected and around 300 million living with chronic hepatitis B. Despite being preventable and treatable, the virus claims nearly one million lives annually.

Hepatitis B is often called a "silent epidemic" because many people experience no symptoms when first infected or while living with chronic infection. This silent nature allows the virus to spread unknowingly. Even in the absence of symptoms, chronic infection can gradually damage the liver, potentially leading to severe complications like cirrhosis or liver cancer.

Hepatitis B and your liver

The liver is a vital organ essential for survival, as complete liver failure can lead to death within just a day or two. The liver can still function even when up to 80% is diseased or removed, thanks to its incredible ability to regenerate from the remaining healthy cells.

If the human body were compared to a car, the liver would be the engine, performing hundreds of crucial tasks to keep everything operating smoothly. Key functions of the liver include:

Storing nutrients: Reserves vitamins, sugar, and iron to provide energy.
Regulating cholesterol: Manages cholesterol levels by producing and eliminating it.
Detoxifying the blood: Clears waste, drugs, and toxins from the bloodstream.
Aiding blood clotting: Produces clotting factors to prevent excessive bleeding from injuries.
Supporting immunity: Produces immune factors and filters bacteria from the blood to fight infections.
Digestive support: Releases bile, which helps digest food and absorb essential nutrients.

The term "hepatitis" means inflammation of the liver. Therefore, "hepatitis B" refers to liver inflammation caused by the hepatitis B virus. With early detection and proper medical care, individuals living with chronic hepatitis B can lead long, healthy lives.

What causes Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) spreads through contact with infected blood, saliva, semen, and other bodily fluids. An individual can transmit HBV even if they don't show symptoms or feel unwell. Common ways the virus spreads include:

Sharing drug-related equipment: Needles, syringes, or other injection tools.
Personal item sharing: Toothbrushes, razors, or medical devices like glucose monitors.
Direct blood contact: Touching an infected person's blood or open sores.
Sexual contact: Engaging in unprotected sex with someone who has HBV.
Needlestick injuries: Accidental exposure to infected blood via sharp instruments.
Healthcare exposure: Being in a facility with poor infection control measures.
Mother-to-child transmission: During pregnancy or delivery.

While HBV can be present in saliva, it generally does not spread through casual contact such as kissing, hugging, sharing food, drinks, utensils, coughing, sneezing, or breastfeeding.

What are the symptoms of Hepatitis B?

The symptoms of hepatitis B can vary in severity and may not appear in all cases, especially during the early stages. Some individuals, particularly those with chronic hepatitis B, may remain asymptomatic for years. However, when symptoms do occur, they often include:

Fatigue: Persistent tiredness and lack of energy.
Fever: Mild to moderate fever.
Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin and eyes due to liver dysfunction.
Dark urine: Urine may appear darker than usual.
Pale or clay-coloured stools: Light-coloured bowel movements.
Abdominal pain: Discomfort or pain in the upper right side of the abdomen.
Loss of appetite: Reduced desire to eat.
Nausea and vomiting: Feelings of sickness with possible vomiting.
Muscle and joint pain: Body aches similar to flu symptoms.

Chronic Hepatitis B Symptoms:

Chronic cases may remain symptomless for years, but ongoing liver damage can lead to:

Unintentional weight loss.
Persistent fatigue.
Abdominal swelling (ascites).
Easy bruising or bleeding.
Confusion or memory issues (a sign of advanced liver disease).

Early diagnosis and medical intervention can prevent complications like cirrhosis, liver failure, and liver cancer.

When to see a doctor

If you suspect you've been exposed to the hepatitis B virus, contact your healthcare provider immediately. Preventive treatment within 24 hours of exposure can significantly reduce the risk of infection.

Should you experience symptoms associated with hepatitis B, such as jaundice, fatigue, or abdominal discomfort, it's essential to seek prompt medical attention. Early diagnosis and proper care can help manage the condition effectively and prevent complications.

Apex Hospitals encourages you to prioritize your health—contact our expert healthcare professionals for timely diagnosis, treatment, and guidance on hepatitis B prevention and care.