Cervical cancer, also known as cancer of the cervix, originates on the surface of the cervix. It occurs when the cells of the cervix change, becoming precancerous. While not all precancerous cells progress to cancer, early detection and treatment of these abnormal cells are crucial in preventing cervical cancer.
Cervical cancer primarily manifests in two main types: squamous cell carcinomas and adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas account for approximately 80% to 90% of cervical cancers, whereas adenocarcinomas represent 10% to 20% of cases.
Cervical cancer initiates when healthy cells within the cervix undergo alterations in their DNA. DNA serves as the blueprint guiding cellular functions. These genetic changes prompt the cells to proliferate rapidly, defying the natural cycle of cell death.
Consequently, an excessive number of cells accumulate, potentially forming a mass known as a tumour. These abnormal cells can infiltrate and damage surrounding healthy tissues. Over time, they may detach and metastasize to distant body regions.
The majority of cervical cancers are attributed to Human Papillomavirus (HPV) infection, a prevalent virus transmitted through sexual contact. While HPV often remains asymptomatic and resolves spontaneously in most individuals, in some cases, it triggers cellular changes predisposing to cancer development.
Factors that elevate the risk of cervical cancer include:
In its early stages, cervical cancer may not present noticeable symptoms. However, as the cancer progresses, signs and symptoms may manifest, including:
Schedule an appointment with a healthcare provider promptly if you experience any concerning symptoms.
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